Effect of diminazine aceturate on the pharmacokinetic of a long acting oxytetracycline formulation in lactating goats

Oxytetracycline [OTC] and diminazene aceturate are commonly administered to diseased ruminants with mixed bacterial and protozoal infections. We were therefore interested in characterizing the pharmacokinetics of a new long acting OTC formulation after IV or IM administration, and whether concurrent administration of diminazene altered the pharmacokinetics. Ten clinically healthy lactating female Baladi goats were used in a sequential order. Goats received the treatments in sequential order with a 2 week wash out period between each study: 1] a single dose of OTC [30 mg/kg BW] by TV or TM injection in non-treated and diminazine aceturate pre-treated goats [3.5 mg/kg BW] 2 hours before OTC treatment. Blood, milk and urine samples were collected periodically and OTC concentration was assayed using a microbiological method. The extent of protein binding in serum and milk was determined using an in vitro ultra filtration method and assayed using the same method as serum Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that serum OTC concentrations after IV administration could be fit to a two-compartment model, and that pre-treatment with diminazene aceturate increased serum OTC concentrations. Following IV injection [t[0.5] beta] was 25.9 +/- 5.1 and 24.5 +/- 2.7 hours, and [Vd[area]] was 22.0 +/- 0.8 and 23.7 +/- 0.4 L.kg[-1], in non-treated and diminazine pre-treated goats, respectively. The maximum OTC concentration after IM injection [1.25 +/- 0.02 micro g ml[-1] and 1.39 +0.04 micro g ml[-1] was obtained at 1.8 +0.3 hours and 2.4 +/- 0.4 hours in non-treated and diminazine pretreated goats, respectively. Moreover, effective milk concentrations were detected for 24 to 48 h, and effective urine concentrations were detected for 96 to 120 h after IM injection. The LA-OTC formulation was moderately bound to goat serum protein [46.0 +3.2% for OTC alone and 40.0 +/- 2.3% for OTC +diminazine]. The binding of the LA-OTC formulation was lower in milk [29.3 +/- 3.6%] than plasma. We conclude that concurrent administration of LA-OTC and diminazine aceturate alters the serum concentration-time profile and pharmacokinetics of a new long acting OTC formulation and could therefore potentially alter treatment efficacy

Study of immunogenetic aspect of alpha-one antitrypsin phenotypes in different chest diseases

The relation between alpha 1-antitrypsin and some pulmonary diseases was studied. We studied 66 patients suffering from 3 common chest disease: Bronchial asthma [25 patients], chronic bronchitis [16 patients], bronchiectasis [25 patients] and 15 as control. They all were subjected to chest X-ray, C.B.S, ESR, quantitative determination of serum alpha 1-antitrypsin by radial immunodiffusion method and alpha 1-antitrypsin phenotyping by immunofixation electrophoresis. A second serum alpha 1-antitrypsin after 3 weeks of treatment was carried out. Serum alpha 1-antitrypsin in all patients was significantly higher than normal at initial estimation. After treatment it dropped to normal level. Serum alpha 1-antitrypsin was signifIcantly decreased than normal in bronchial asthma patients. MM phenotype was the commonest, it was found in all control, in 85% of chronic bronchitis, 80% of bronchiectasis. In asthmatic other Pi variants [MS, MZ, SS] known to be alpha 1-antitrypsin deficient in most cases. Among 66 studied 24.6% had other phenotype variant than the PiM. These Pi variants were heterozygous defecient in alpha 1-antitrypsin, and presented as recurrent chest infection or bronchial asthma

ISO antigens A, B and H in urinary bladder lesions and its adjacent mucosa

Expression of blood group antigens A, B and H was studied in 6 cases with chronic cystitis, 31 cases with squamous cell carcinoma [S.C.C.], 13 cases with transitional cell carcinoma [T.C.C.], 3 cases with adenocarcinoma, 2 cases with undifferentiated carcinoma and 5 cases of normal urinary bladder epithelium as control-using the immunoperoxidase staining via peroxidase antiperoxidase [PAP] technique. It was found that the areas of chronic cystitis retained A, B and H antigens similar to be control [normal urinary bladder epithelium] while in patients with S.C.C., 55% of the patients with grade I tumours, 82% with grade II and 89% with grade III tumourse had loss of cell surface antigens and 29% of the cases expressed H-antigens in the areas of S.C.C. In patients with T.C.C., 50% of the patients with grade I tumours, 75% with grade II and all patients grade III tumours had loss of cell surface antigens and 38.5% of the cases demonstrated H-antigens in the areas of T.C.C. All cases of undifferentiated carcinoma had loss of cell surface antigens. In contrast, cases of adenocarcinoma showed loss of isoantigens in 2 cases of grade I and expressed them in grade II tumour. Sixty seven percent of the cases expressed H antigens in the areas of adenocarcinoma. The adjacent areas to carcinoma whether S.C.C. or T.C.C. were regaining the normal antigen and losing the H-antigen gradually as one goes from the micro-invasive area to areas of carcinoma in situ, dysplasia and back to normal epithelium. This study suggests that expression of A, B and H. blood group isoantigens in the urinary bladder carcinoma [S.C.C. or T.C.C.] is correlated to the grade of tumour and tends to be lost as the histological grade increase. Patients with blood group O were more susceptible to loss of blood group isoantigens. Further studies are recommended to correlate between A, B and H isoantigens with the prognosis

Action of amines on 1-benzoyl -2-thiobiuret and its 5-phenyl derivative

Recently, it has been reported that l-benzoyl-2-thiobiuret [la] [yellow] which exists in the thione form [thio-lactam] cylices to 6-phenyi-1,2,3,4-[or 2,3,4,6-] tetrahydrothioxo- l,3,5-thiazine-2-one [II] on being treated with 4 N aqueous sodium hydroxide, whereas its phenyl derivative [Ib] gives on similar treatment 5-phenyl-2-thiobiuret [III]